Which of the following is NOT a fundamental part of public policymaking?

The correct answer points to the specific elements central to public policymaking. While policy implementation is indeed a key aspect of the entire process, it is not considered a fundamental part in the initial stages of policymaking.

Public policymaking typically begins with identifying and defining problems that require intervention, followed by gathering stakeholders—including individuals and groups who have an interest in the issue at hand. These stakeholders can influence the policy process through advocacy, providing expertise, and mobilizing support for particular solutions.

Once problems and stakeholders have been clearly identified, strategies can be formulated, which then leads to implementation. Therefore, while policy implementation is critical for the success of a policy once it has been developed, the initial and fundamental stages focus more on understanding the issues and engaging those affected, making implementation not a starting point in the policymaking process.